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This book brings together essays by leading legal scholars from a number of European countries on European legal method(s). In Europe there is, and has for some years been, a seemingly renewed debate on methodology in legal research. In the first years of its existence EU law was generally perceived as rather superficial, immature and fragmentary with many gaps and inconsistencies. Now, EU law is ripening and the mutual embeddedness of EU law and the national law of its Member States is becoming more intense. It is therefore both more possible and more necessary to identify and explain the legal method that is applied by European legal actors, in particular legal scholars and courts, when analysing EU law and the law of EU Member States within the scope of application of EU law. This book is the second publication within the "European Legal Methods" research project and is the result of a conference held in November 2011. Most of the contributors are all legal scholars concerned within different legal disciplines and represent different legal cultures and research styles partly related to different geographical backgrounds.

Comparative law --- European law --- Legal theory and methods. Philosophy of law --- Law --- Judicial process --- Methodology --- Law - European Union countries - Methodology - Congresses --- Judicial process - European Union countries - Congresses

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The European legal order is largely based on judicial co-operation between the European Court of Justice and the national courts. Three case studies on Sunday trading, on equal treatment of men and women and on good faith in contract law reveal that national courts and national litigants are mainly pursuing national interests by means of European law. The European Court of Justice seeks European solutions by delimiting the scope of the European legal order, by transforming the subjective rights of market citizens into political rights of union citizens, and by developing European remedies to enforce European rights.

Law of civil procedure --- Human rights --- European law --- European Union --- International and municipal law --- Judicial process --- Sunday legislation --- Sex discrimination --- Good faith (Law) --- Law and legislation --- Blue laws --- Law, Sunday --- Sunday --- Ecclesiastical law --- Hours of labor --- Labor laws and legislation --- Weekly rest-day --- Holidays --- Sabbath legislation --- Store hours --- Discrimination, Sexual --- Gender discrimination --- Sexual discrimination --- Discrimination --- Sexism --- Gender mainstreaming --- Decision making, Judicial --- Judicial behavior --- Judicial decision making --- Judges --- Law --- Procedure (Law) --- Bona fides (Law) --- Bad faith (Law) --- Ignorance (Law) --- Mistake (Law) --- Psychological aspects --- Interpretation and construction --- General and Others --- International and municipal law - European Union countries. --- Judicial process - European Union countries. --- International and municipal law - Great Britain. --- Sunday legislation - England. --- Sunday legislation - European Union countries. --- Sex discrimination - Law and legislation - England. --- Sex discrimination - Law and legislation - European Union countries. --- Good faith (Law) - England. --- Good faith (Law) - European Union countries.

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Judicial Deliberations compares how and why the European Court of Justice, the French Cour de cassation and the US Supreme Court offer different approaches for generating judicial accountability and control, judicial debate and deliberation, and ultimately judicial legitimacy. Examining the judicial argumentation of the United States Supreme Court and of the French Cour de cassation, the book first reorders the traditional comparative understanding of the difference between French civil law and American common law judicial decision-making. It then uses this analysis to offer the first detailed comparative examination of the interpretive practice of the European Court of Justice. Lasser demonstrates that the French judicial system rests on a particularly unified institutional and ideological framework founded on explicitly republican notions of meritocracy and managerial expertise. Law-making per se may be limited to the legislature; but significant judicial normative administration is entrusted to State selected, trained, and sanctioned elites who are policed internally through hierarchical institutional structures. The American judicial system, by contrast, deploys a more participatory and democratic approach that reflects a more populist vision. Shunning the unifying, controlling, and hierarchical French structures, the American judicial system instead generates its legitimacy primarily by argumentative means. American judges engage in extensive debates that subject them to public scrutiny and control. The ECJ hovers delicately between the institutional/argumentative and republican/democratic extremes. On the one hand, the ECJ reproduces the hierarchical French discursive structure on which it was originally patterned. On the other, it transposes this structure into a transnational context of fractured political and legal assumptions. This drives the ECJ towards generating legitimacy by adopting a somewhat more transparent argumentative approach.

Judicial process --- Processus judiciaire --- France. --- United States. --- Court of Justice of the European Communities. --- -Judicial process --- -347.012094 --- Me1 --- Decision making, Judicial --- Judicial behavior --- Judicial decision making --- Judges --- Law --- Procedure (Law) --- Psychological aspects --- Interpretation and construction --- France. -- Cour de cassation. --- Judicial process -- European Union countries. --- Judicial process -- France. --- Judicial process -- United States. --- United States. -- Supreme Court. --- Law, General & Comparative --- Law - Europe, except U.K. --- Law - Non-U.S. --- Law, Politics & Government --- Judicial assistance. --- Supreme Court (U.S.) --- Chief Justice of the United States --- Supreme Court of the United States --- Judicial assistance --- Civil procedure --- Criminal procedure --- Judgments, Foreign --- Cour de justice des communautés européennes --- Gerichtshof der Europäischen Gemeinschaften --- Corte di giustizia delle comunità europee --- Dikastērion tēs Europaikēs Oikonomikēs Koinotētos --- Hof van Justitie van de Europese Gemeenschappen --- Tribunal de Justicia de las Comunidades Europeas --- GHEG --- European Atomic Energy Community. --- European Economic Community. --- European Court of Justice --- Europäischer Gerichtshof --- Curtea de Justiție a Comunităților Europene --- Ōshū Shihō Saibansho --- G.H.E.G. --- Tribunal de Justiça das Comunidades Europeias --- Sud evropeĭskikh soobshchestv --- Avrupa Toplulukları Adalet Divanı --- Tribunal de Justiça das Comunidades --- Curia Communitatum Europaearum --- Eurōpaiko Dikastērio --- Dikastērio Eurōpaikōn Koinotētōn --- DEK --- EuGH --- ECJ --- D.E.K. --- Europejski Trybunał Sprawiedliwości --- ETS --- Dikastērio tōn Eurōpaikōn Koinotētōn --- CEJ --- European Union. --- European Coal and Steel Community. --- Court of Justice of the European Union --- 美國. --- Court of Justice of the European Communities --- Európai Bíróság --- Judicial process - European Union countries --- Judicial process - France --- Judicial process - United States --- DROIT JUDICIAIRE COMPARE --- Cour suprême --- COMMON LAW --- COUR DE CASSATION --- Cour de justice des Communautés européennes --- Etats-Unis --- FRANCE --- question préjudicielle

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The European Court of Justice is widely acknowledged to have played a fundamental role in developing the constitutional law of the EU, having been the first to establish such key doctrines as direct effect, supremacy and parallelism in external relations. Traditionally, EU scholarship has praised the role of the ECJ, with more critical perspectives being given little voice in mainstream EU studies. From the standpoint of legal reasoning, Gerard Conway offers the first sustained critical assessment of how the ECJ engages in its function and offers a new argument as to how it should engage in legal reasoning. He also explains how different approaches to legal reasoning can fundamentally change the outcome of case law and how the constitutional values of the EU justify a different approach to the dominant method of the ECJ.

Legal theory and methods. Philosophy of law --- European law --- European Communities --- Judicial process --- Law --- Interpretation and construction. --- Methodology. --- Court of Justice of the European Communities. --- LAW / International. --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- Decision making, Judicial --- Judicial behavior --- Judicial decision making --- Judges --- Procedure (Law) --- Psychological aspects --- Interpretation and construction --- Cour de justice des communautés européennes --- Gerichtshof der Europäischen Gemeinschaften --- Corte di giustizia delle comunità europee --- Dikastērion tēs Europaikēs Oikonomikēs Koinotētos --- Hof van Justitie van de Europese Gemeenschappen --- Tribunal de Justicia de las Comunidades Europeas --- GHEG --- European Atomic Energy Community. --- European Economic Community. --- European Court of Justice --- Europäischer Gerichtshof --- Curtea de Justiție a Comunităților Europene --- Ōshū Shihō Saibansho --- G.H.E.G. --- Tribunal de Justiça das Comunidades Europeias --- Sud evropeĭskikh soobshchestv --- Avrupa Toplulukları Adalet Divanı --- Tribunal de Justiça das Comunidades --- Curia Communitatum Europaearum --- Eurōpaiko Dikastērio --- Dikastērio Eurōpaikōn Koinotētōn --- DEK --- EuGH --- ECJ --- D.E.K. --- Europejski Trybunał Sprawiedliwości --- ETS --- Dikastērio tōn Eurōpaikōn Koinotētōn --- CEJ --- European Union. --- European Coal and Steel Community. --- Court of Justice of the European Union --- Methodology --- Law / international. --- LAW / International --- Európai Bíróság --- Judicial process - European Union countries. --- Law - European Union countries - Interpretation and construction. --- Law - European Union countries - Methodology. --- General and Others